Labor Day, an annual celebration of workers and their achievements, originated during one of American labor history’s most dismal chapters. In the late 1800s, at the height of the in the United States, the average American worked 12-hour days and seven-day weeks in order to eke out a basic living. Despite restrictions in some states, children as young as 5 or 6 toiled in mills, factories and mines across the country, eaing a fraction of their adult counterparts’ wages. People of all ages, particularly the very poor and recent immigrants, often faced extremely unsafe working conditions, with insufficient access to fresh air, sanitary facilities and breaks.
As manufacturing increasingly supplanted agriculture as the wellspring of American employment, labor unions, which had first appeared in the late 18th century, grew more prominent and vocal. They began organizing strikes and rallies to protest poor conditions and compel employers to renegotiate hours and pay. Many of these events tued violent during this period, including the infamous Haymarket Riot of 1886, in which several policemen and workers were killed. Others gave rise to longstanding traditions: On September 5, 1882 تحقیق در مورد نمک خوراکی...
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برچسب : انگلیسی, نویسنده : tahghigh00 بازدید : 179 تاريخ : جمعه 24 آذر 1396 ساعت: 21:43